The Earth is not merely spherical in shape and inhabited by humans. Before the creation of the earth, there was such a thing as the universe. Then, how did the origin of this universe form?
Everything has an origin, how does it stand? How did it happen? Etc. From that origin, then a material is obtained to be used as a theory, with research that is constantly being developed to get perfect results. From that result a statement turned into evidence and history.
The Big Bang Theory
Cosmological studies say that the initial form of the universe occurred because of an explosion with a large capacity. It is said in theory, this nature was formed due to conditions that are very hot and dense and are growing day by day even today.
The origin of the universe is rumored to have been formed since 13.7 billion years ago. The big bang theory is also a theory that provides an accurate and comprehensive explanation, because it is also supported by the scientific method and several observations.
It was a Belgian Roman Catholic monk, who put forward this big bang theory (explosion theory), Georges Lemaitre. He himself had mentioned this theory as a result of the primordial atom hypothesis.
General relativity and some simple assumptions of space isotropy and homogeneity depend on the framework of this big bang theory. In 1929, Edwin Hubble stated that the distance between Earth and the farthest galaxy is generally directly proportional to the redshift.
These observations have proven that the farther away the object we look at, the faster the speed appears to be. However, the weakness of this theory is that this theory cannot prove anything that has anything to do with how the initial conditions of the universe came into being, this theory only explains the general process of changes that occur based on the development of the theory.
However, it is undeniable that many scientists finally accepted this theoretical scenario, and thought that this explosion theory should have happened.
Initially, Vesto Spiler measured how the Doppler effect occurs in spiral galaxies, the results suggesting that the entire nebula is moving away from Earth. However, he did not think about the factual implications of this concept.
At that time, there were also questions suggesting that these nebulae were “universe islands” moving beyond the Milky Way?
About 10 years later, a mathematician and cosmologist from Russia, Alexander Friedman, succeeded in deriving Albert Einstein's equations of general relativity.
From this equation, it is concluded that the universe is likely to expand even contrary to what Einstein at the time stated, namely a static universe.
Furthermore, Edwin Hubble who managed to show the distance to the nearest nebula is a galaxy. Then, independently, Georges Lemaitre derived Friedmann's equations and stated that the nebula recession resulting from his equations was due to the expanding universe.
Until 1929, Hubble found a correlation between distance and recession speed. This theory is now known as Hubble's law. And with this result, Lemaitre was satisfied that this was indeed what was to be expected.
In the following year, other ideas began to develop ranging from non-standard cosmology to Fritz Zwicky's tired light hypothesis.
There are two possible cosmological models. The fixed-state model (Fred Hoyle) with the appearance of matter as the universe expanded and the big bang theory (Lemaitre, developed by George Gamow) with the introduction of big bang nucleosynthesis and was described as cosmic microwave radiation by Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman.
Finally, scientists support the big bang theory which, ironically, was even put forward by Hoyle on a radio station. Over time, the cosmology of this big bang has grown with the analysis of data taken from more sophisticated tools such as the Hubble Space Telescope, WMAP, and the COBE satellite.
Until finally, modern astronomy discovered that the universe was actually formed from a plume of smoke. Everything is proven when more and more new stars appear in the sky.
The Formation of the Universe According to Islam
According to modern astronomical standards, the entire universe originated from a plume of smoke and is still in that form today, as evidenced by the existence of new stars from the remnants of the smoke.
The theory of astronomy is also justified by a statement in the contents of the Qur'an, which reads, "Then, He showed the creation of the heavens and the sky was still smoke (Al Fushshiilat, 41:11)."
The stars we usually see at night were smoky matter. It can be concluded that the sun, stars, moon, galaxies, and planets have always been a single entity, because they were formed from the same plume of smoke. Then, they separate because of this homogeneous smoke.
Allah has also said, "And do those who disbelieve not know that the heavens and the earth were once one unit, then We separated the two." (Al Anbiya, 21:30).
Even a professor of geology at the Institute of Geosciences and Johannes Gutenberg University, Dr.Alfred Kroner said if he looked at the place where Muhammad came from, it is very unlikely that Muhammad could know something like the origin of the universe from just one material.
In fact, scientists have only discovered this problem in recent years in even complicated ways and with the help of advanced technology.
He also said “It is impossible for a person to know anything about core physics in the past 14 centuries, I personally think, it would never have happened even if through his own thinking, that heaven and earth are one unit.”
In Islam itself everything has been explained, even without the need for humans to do research with a long process. From here, we can all distinguish what is right and what is not.
New Devices for Detecting the Origins of the Universe
If previously the most advanced telescopes were the Hubble Telescope and WMAP, now a telescope that is far more sophisticated than the previous ALMA Telescope has been created.
This telescope has a giant size with a size that reaches a diameter of 12 m and a height that is equivalent to a four-story building. Then, this telescope became the largest telescope in the world.
ALMA is composed of a collection of 54 antennas, plus 12 antennas measuring 7 meters. Together, these 66 antennas will work together to become the most advanced telescope in the world. This telescope is placed in the Atacama Desert, Chile, at an altitude of 5000 meters.
Just imagine, ALMA can see the light from some of the objects with the farthest point in outer space. This is to show us the details of the universe, even as they were just forming.
When the universe was very young, it was in the form of a thick fog with cool hydrogen gas elements and made it difficult for researchers to investigate because all that was visible was visible light.
However, with this ALMA telescope we can see other light (radio waves), because the ALMA telescope has special eyes that can penetrate the thick fog, so for the first time a telescope can reveal the secret behind the thick fog.
ALMA will also be assigned to spy on other coldest objects such as gas and dust clouds whose temperature is below 0° (with the coldest temperature reaching 273°C. ALMA will also try to find new planets and the formation of new stars (baby stars). who was in the thick fog.
With the use of this ALMA telescope, astronomers want to solve how the cosmic process began and how the beginning of the cycle of the universe.