Television that we see today is a result of technology invented by several experts in the field of electronics. The basic idea of ? A television was first coined by Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, a 23-year-old student in Germany, who patented an electromechanical television system using Nipkow discs.
But the famous inventor of Television and has been generally approved by the world as the first television demonstration is John Logie Baird. In Indonesia 'television' is informally often referred to as TV.
The following are some of the leading scientists who contributed to making Television to perfection:
1880s: The Nipkow Disc
In 1884, Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, a 23-year-old student in Germany, patented an electromechanical television system that used a Nipkow disc, a rotating disc with a series of holes. arranged in a spiral to the center of the disc used in the assembling process.
Each disc hole is positioned at an equal angle so that with each rotation the disc can pass light through each hole until it hits the light-sensitive selenium layer which produces an electrical pulse. As the image is focused at the center of the disc, each hole will scan every horizontal "slice" of the entire image. Nipkow's device did not really become practicable until advances in tube reinforcement technology.
However, the device can only transmit "halftone" images - due to the positioned holes of different sizes - via telegraph or telephone cables.
The next design is to use a rotating mirror-drum scanner as an image recorder and a cathode ray tube (CRT) as a display device. In 1907, a Russian scientist, Boris Rosing, became the first inventor to use a CRT in the receiving device of an experimental television system. He used a "mirror-drum" scanner to send a simple geometric image to a CRT. However, it is still impossible to record moving images, due to the low sensitivity of the selenium detector.
1920s: John Logie Baird's Invention
Scottish inventor John Logie Baird demonstrated how to transmit moving images in London in 1925, followed by monochrome motion pictures in 1926. Baird's scanning discs could produce 30 line resolution images (enough to show human face) from a lens with a double spiral.
This demonstration by Baird has been generally approved by the world as the first television demonstration, although mechanical television is no longer in use.
In 1927, Baird also invented the world's first video recording system, "Phonovision", where by modulating the output signal of his TV camera into the audio range, he was able to record the signal on a 10 inch (25 cm) audio disc using ordinary audio recording technology.
Only a few of Baird's "Phonovision" recordings exist and the surviving recordings were later translated and processed into viewable images in the 1990s using digital signal-processing technology.
In 1926, a Hungarian engineer, Kálmán Tihanyi, designed a television system with a fully electronic scanning and display device, and using the principle of "content storage" in a scanning tube (or "camera").
In 1927, a Russian inventor, Léon Theremin, developed a mirror-drum television system that used a "interwoven video" system to produce an image resolution of 100 lines.
In the same year, Herbert E. Ives of Bell Labs succeeded in transmitting moving images from a 50-window disc producing 16 images per minute via cable from Washington, DC to New York City, and also via radio waves from Whippany, New Jersey. . Ives uses a 24 x 30 inch (60 x 75 cm) display screen. The subjects of his recordings included one of America's then-Secretary of Commerce, Herbert Hoover.
In the same year, Philo Farnsworth succeeded in making the world's first television system with electronic scanners in both display and pickup devices, where his findings were first demonstrated in front of the press on September 1, 1928.
1930s: Dissemination and public acceptance
1936, for the first time the Berlin Olympics were broadcast to television stations in Berlin and Leipzig where the general public could watch every race live.
In the early days of television, electromechanical television boxes were commercially sold from 1928 to 1934 in England, the United States, and Russia.
The first commercial television sold by Baird in the United Kingdom in 1928 was in the form of a radio receiver coupled with components such as the fluorescent tube behind the Nipkow disc which produced a reddish image the size of a postage stamp which could be enlarged again using a magnifying lens.
Baird's "televisor" can also be used without a radio. The televisions sold in 1930–1933 were the first mass-market television sets. Approximately 1,000 units of the Televisor were successfully sold.
The first commercial electronic television box with a cathode ray tube was produced by Telefunken in Germany in 1934, followed by other electronics manufacturers in France (1936), the United Kingdom (1936), and the United States (1938).
In 1936, Kálmán Tihanyi explained the principle of the plasma television, the first flat panel system. In 1938 in America, a 3-inch (7.6 cm) television sold for 125 USD (equivalent to 1,863 USD in 2007.) The cheapest model of a 12-inch (30 cm) television was $445 (equivalent to $6,633 as of 2007).
Approximately 19,000 electronic television sets were produced in Britain, 1,600 in Germany, and 8,000 in America,[28] before the War Production Board was forced to stop TV production in April 1942 due to the outbreak of World War II.
TV use in the United States increased again after World War II after TV production was allowed back in August 1945. After the war, the number of TV owners in America increased by about 0.5% in 1946, then up 55.7% in 1954, and up to 90% in 1962.[29] In Britain, the number of TV owners increased from 15,000 in 1947, then 1.4 million in 1952, to 15.1 million in 1968.
Biography of John Logie Baird
John Logie Baird (born in Helensburgh, Scotland, 13 August 1888 – died at Bexhill-on-Sea, East Suss3x, England, June 14, 1946 at the age of 57) was the inventor who first demonstrated that visual images could be transmitted.
Until he was 35 years old, Baird lived in conditions of complete deprivation. In 1923, he began trying to tinker with machines to transmit images, as well as sound, by radio. It wasn't long before he managed to send a grainy image over the wireless transmitter to a receiver a few meters away.
In January 1925 he demonstrated television publicly at the Royal Institute in London. This was the earliest television show.
In 1929, the BBC made its first television broadcast, using Baird's equipment. But at that time he had not taken advantage of the use of the cathode-ray tube, which is the basis of modern television. So that his system could not compete with the new system in 1933.