The Big Bang theory is a theory that explains the origin of the creation of the universe. However, there are some parties whose writings are wrong, namely the Bing Bang Theory, even though the truth is the Big Bang Theory.
The term Big Bang was first popularized by Fred Hoyle, a famous British astronomer. Sir Fred Hoyle mentioned the Big Bang on a BBC radio broadcast in March 1949.
It was reported that Hoyle used the term only in a joking or disparaging way, because the Big Bang theory was a rival to his theory. But he himself denied this.
Hoyle then made a major contribution to physicists in understanding the trajectory of the formation of heavy elements from light elements in nuclear reaction theory.
According to the Big Bang theory, the universe was formed from a big bang, some call it the big bang. According to Wikipedia, the Big Bang is a major event that is thought to be the beginning of the formation of the universe.
Judging from the explosion model, the universe was originally a very hot solid. Then expand continuously to this day. This theory also estimates that approximately 13.7 billion years ago the universe began.
This is what later became a reference for researchers as the time of the Big Bang or the extraordinary explosion of the beginning of the universe.
After the massive explosion, the universe expanded continuously and continuously to form planets, galaxies, galaxy clusters and others in the universe that we know today.
Theories of the Big Bang
Bing Bang theory did not emerge just like that, a Belgian monk named Georges Lemaitre was recorded as the first to propose a theory about the big bang that formed the universe.
Georges Lemaitres' theoretical framework is a theory that relies heavily on Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity and some other simple assumptions such as space isotropy and homogeneity. Then G. Lemaitre's suggestion continued to develop through evidence and observation.
In 1929, Edwin Hubble managed to calculate the distance between the earth and the galaxy. According to his calculations, it turns out that the distance between the earth and the galaxy is very far.
In general, the ratio with the red shift is straight, which means that the galaxies are moving away from each other, not random or directly proportional to the blue shift, which means they are getting closer. This agrees with the suggestion of G. Lematrie in 1927.
These ideas form an assumption: if the galaxies in the universe are far apart, as shown in various studies, it can be assumed that these galaxies were once close to each other. other.
This assumption further explains that the density and temperature that existed in the galaxy before the Big Bang event was quite extreme.
To test these conditions, various examples of the acceleration of giant size particles were built and tested these acceleration conditions to test the extent of the truth of Hubble's theory more significantly.
However, the acceleration of these particles has limited capabilities when used to test the broad science of particle physics.
So that if there is no evidence at all about the initial events after the explosion, this big bang theory is unlikely to be able to explain further about the state of the cosmos, but only to describe in general terms the developments in the early cosmic period.
The expanding state of the cosmos then experienced a temperature drop at first as described and detailed by Big Bang nucleosynthesis, then after 1964, most scientists slowly accepted that the scenario of the big bang and explosion theory must have happened.
Around 1930, several scientists put forward another idea and it was known as the collection of non-standard cosmology. This idea was used to accommodate Edwin Hubble's observations and research, including the fatigue light hypothesis, the Milne model and the swinging universe.
After the completion of World War II, there are at least two kinds of models which are considered the most likely. One of them is Fred Hoyle's constant state form.
Edwin Hubble also said that when the cosmos began to expand, at that time also created particles and matter that did not exist before.
Lemaitre's big bang was another model that had a lot of supporters, which G. Gamow later defended. G. Gamow not only defended, but also developed Lemaitre's theory to find a new theory that supports it.
The essence of the theory if defined means the process of creating new atomic nuclei from pre-existing protons and neutrons.
For a while, at that time support became split into these two models. Namely Hubble and Lemaitre, and in the end, based on the results of a detailed view of the cosmic, the big bang theory or the Big Bang theory became the favourite.
Furthermore, the discovery and validation of cosmic wave radiation in 1964 established the Big Bang theory as the best theory capable of describing the origin and evolution of the universe.
The Development of the Big Bang Theory
All major advances and achievements in the field of cosmology, especially regarding the Big Bang, were recorded from the late 1990s, mainly due to the significant improvement in telescope technology as well as the progress of satellites in analyzing data.
Upon further investigation, the Horizon was one of the most important features of the Big Bang in the spacetime of the Big Bang.
The existence of the horizon can be known after it is known that the universe has a finite age, while light travels at a limited speed, this will allow for various events in the past where the light has not yet reached us (Earth). This will limit the observation of the most distant object in the universe or the past horizon.
Vice versa, because the space of the cosmos is expanding and distant objects will be getting farther and farther away rapidly, the light emitted as a measuring device by us (the earth) will never reach the farthest object. This boundary is called the future horizon.
Talking about real evidence, based on direct cosmic observations, there is some evidence that supports this big bang theory model, namely the development of the Edwin Hubble theory observed in the galaxy's red shift.
Measurements on cosmic microwaves, the abundance of space elements and the large-scale distribution and evolution of galaxies. These four pieces of evidence are often called the "Four pillars of the Big Bang theory."
Regarding our galaxy, the Milky Way, Edwin Hubble's legal theory has two explanations, namely the earth is at the center of the galaxy expansion, or the universe continues to expand evenly in various directions.
This expanding universe was predicted using general relativity by Alexander Friedmann in 1922 and Georges Lemaitre in 1927. Meanwhile, Hubble carried out his analysis and observations in 1929.
Talking about predictions that the temperature of radiation in the cosmic microwave background was higher in the past got experimental support by observing temperature-sensitive gas mist emission lines at redshift, where the temperature is very high.
This prediction also implies the amplitude of the sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, according to which the galaxy cluster does not depend directly on the red shift.
Big Bang Theory Controversy
Although at present this theory has broad support from scientists, especially cosmologists, various problems and problems in this theory have and had sparked scientific controversy about which model of the existing models is the best in describing research results. cosmology.
Many of the problems and problems of the big bang theory have been solved, either through modification of the theory or through better observations of the cosmos.
As for the idea of the core of the great explosion consisting of an expanding universe, the initial state of the universe with extreme temperatures, the formation of helium, and the formation of galaxies.
Found from many observations independent of any cosmological model. This shows that the theory of particle physics cannot explain the universe in detail.
However, this careful model of the Big Bang was able to predict various physical phenomena that have never been observed on Earth, as well as those found in the standard model of particle physics. The main thing about dark matter which later became the topic of scientific investigation and was able to get wide attention.
In addition, cosmologists who continue to try to solve the description of the initial state of the universe are still dwelling on speculative explanations, such as the description of cosmic inflation and biogenesis.
Even though these two hypotheses are very important for scientists in explaining the initial state of the universe and cannot be replaced by other alternative explanations without changing the big bang theory in the slightest.
Until now, cosmologists, mathematicians and physicists are still looking for the right explanation for the phenomena that occur. At the same time it will answer a number of unsolved problems in this particle physics problem.