Inventor of the Atomic Bomb - Julius Robert Oppenheim
Julius Robert Oppenheim is noted as the inventor of the atomic bomb, he is a scientist in the field of physics, the 1930s marked the beginning of Oppenheimer's involvement in the world of atomic and nuclear physics.
Oppenheimer contributed a lot to thoughts in atomic and nuclear physics, including early thoughts about neutron stars and black holes that astronomers have ignored for a long time. Oppenheimer clearly contributed to his thinking because he opposed the rise to power of fascism in that era.
Especially in 1939, America learned that Germany had succeeded in separating the atomic nucleus and developing it into an extraordinary weapon.
So, to match German power, in 1941 President Roosevelt formed the Manhattan Project and appointed Julius Robert Oppenheimer as its director. In carrying out his duties, Oppenheimer developed the atomic bomb and other weapons at the Los Alamos research base, New Mexico.
Other research is also taking place at Columbia University, University of Chicago, and Oak Ridge, Tennessee. During his research, Oppenheimer invited top physicists.
They were invited to work together to make an atomic bomb. Of the many physicists present, 3000 people were finally selected to form a team led by Oppenheimer.
On July 16, 1945 or after 3 years of hard work doing research, Oppenheimer witnessed the test of the explosion of the first atomic bomb in the New Mexico desert. Many people think, the explosion will change world history forever.
Evidently, a month after the test explosion, two atomic bombs scorched Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing hundreds of thousands of people. This situation made Japan have to surrender and withdraw from World War II on August 10, 1945.
Even though it was severely criticized for having killed hundreds of thousands of people, Oppenheimer's atomic bomb discovery still had a positive impact, because it was able to end WWII which had been going on for a long time.
After the Atomic Bomb Dropped, Oppenheimer regretted his work and called for atomic energy to be used for peaceful purposes. He then questioned his loyalty and credibility and was put on trial for high-ranking US officials and resulted in his removal from office of government adviser on security.
Many scientists were dissatisfied with the actions that arose at a time of national hysteria led by senator Joseph Raymond McCarthy (but were later declared wrong).
When the war ended, Oppenheimer remained active in this field. He was also elected as chairman of the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Unfortunately Oppenheimer is not smooth, this has to do with his attitude against the development of a hydrogen bomb whose power is more powerful than the atomic bomb.
Oppenheimer was deemed a traitor, he was put on trial in 1953. Although not proven guilty, his security protections and his contract as an advisor to the Atomic Energy Commission were revoked. Not broken, Oppenheimer continues to have a career and is passionate about it.
He continued his career as an educator at "the academic post of director of the Institute of Advanced Study at Princeton University". Peak in 1963, President Lyndon B. Johnson presented the Atomic Energy Commission's “Enrico Fermi Award”.
Three years after receiving the award, Julius Robert Oppenheimer had to retire due to throat cancer. In 1967 he died at the age of 63. Through the atomic bomb, Julius Robert Oppenheimer changed world history forever.
Inventor of the Hydrogen Bomb - Edward Teller
Edward Teller was born in Budapest, Austria-Hungary, January 15, 1908, is the inventor of the Hydrogen Bomb.
In 1939, Teller was among three scientists who encouraged Albert Einstein to remind President Franklin D. Roosevelt that the force of nuclear fission - the split of an atomic nucleus - could be used to form devastating new weapons. In 1941, before the first atomic bomb was born, his fellow scientist, Enrico Fermi, thought that nuclear fusion could be even more devastating.
Subsequent work, he developed the hydrogen bomb which later became attached to his identity. Its main role in the development of thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs) is well known.
However, he also made tremendous contributions to the development ofsubmarine-launched ballistic missiles (the basis of nuclear deterrence) and missile defense
Teller-developed. He went on to build such bombs, earning him the title "father of the hydrogen bomb." However, reportedly, he hated the term. The first megaton (million ton) hydrogen bomb was detonated in 1952, although none have yet been used in war. By comparison, the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki weighed only a dozen kilotons.
Teller was a strong advisor to applied science, in addition to being one of the most influential engineering leaders in national defense from World War II to the present. His advice was also very influential on the missile systems of strategic defense initiatives dubbed the "Star Wars".
Teller received many awards in his long career, including the Albert Einstein Award, the Enrico Fermi Award, and the National Medal of Science. Earlier this year, the man who was born in Budapest, Hungary, was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest honor in the US.
Dr Edward Teller's role was very strategic in US weapons strategy, from the atomic bomb during World War II to the concept of Star War during President Reagan. Together with Einstein, he "alerted" President Roosevelt to nuclear power.
In the final years of his life he was widely recognized for proposing controversial technological solutions to civil and military problems, including plans to excavate an artificial harbor in Alaska using thermonuclear explosives.
The "doomsday bomb" expert succumbed to the stroke that struck him a few days ago. Teller died on September 9, 2003 at the age of 95 at his home on the Stanford University Campus, California.