The scientific method is commonly used by scientists to solve a problem under study. While the scientific method is an expression of how the mind works and has certain characteristics or characteristics contained in scientific knowledge.
Stages of the Scientific Method
The scientific method is a study in studying the rules in the method by using steps/principles in carrying it out so that it is arranged in a systematic, orderly, and controlled manner.
The stages of the scientific method are as follows:
1. Formulate the problem
The problem formulation is a description of something that is used as a problem. The formulation of the problem can arise because of the observation of the symptoms or events that exist in the environment. The formulation of the problem is in the form of questions about empirical objects whose boundaries are clear and related factors can be identified.
2. Collect data
Data collections can be information that leads to and is close to solving problems. Collecting data can be in various ways, for example through literature review, field observations, interviews, oral data, and so on.
3. Formulating hypotheses
Formulating hypotheses, namely making temporary answers based on the data obtained. Hypotheses are basically deductive in nature by taking premises from previously known scientific knowledge.
4. The hypothesis or temporary answer is tested for truth by conducting a research experiment
5. Make an analysis to get a conclusion
6. Drawing conclusions must be based on data analysis
Therefore, in order to draw conclusions, sufficient facts are needed and support the hypothesis. If the hypothesis supports then the hypothesis is accepted. On the other hand, if the hypothesis does not have enough facts to support the hypothesis, then the hypothesis is rejected.
7. Conclusions
Conclusions/hypotheses that have been accepted are then considered as part of scientific knowledge because they have gone through the testing stages and meet scientific requirements, namely they already have a clear framework, are consistent with previous scientific knowledge, and have been tested for truth.
Drawing Conclusions
In drawing conclusions, we must focus on scientific reasoning. There is a way of drawing conclusions, first by inductive. Drawing conclusions in an inductive way is drawing conclusions from the specific to the general, by putting forward statements that have a specific and limited scope in compiling their arguments and ending with general statements.
The second method is deductive, namely drawing conclusions from a general problem to a specific problem, commonly called a syllogism which is composed of two statements and a conclusion.
The important thing in carrying out the scientific method is not only the process of discovering knowledge, but also how to communicate knowledge to the public and other scientists. Therefore, scientific research reports are needed that have a systematic and formatted way of thinking in their research techniques.