To conduct a scientific research, it is necessary to use research methods. One of them is by using quantitative research methods. Quantitative research is research that is systematically arranged between parts, phenomena and relationships contained in the object of research.
Quantitative research is widely used in the natural sciences such as biology, physics, chemistry, and so on. It could also be social sciences such as communication, psychology, sociology, anthropology and so on.
The purpose of this research is to be able to develop using a mathematical model with theories or hypotheses related to an event or phenomenon that occurs.
Therefore, in conducting quantitative research, it is necessary to have a relationship between empirical observations. This is done by field research/observations and mathematical expressions of quantitative relationships.
Quantitative research methods are generally divided into two. First; experimental research that can be selected to be quasi-experimental, subject, single and so on. Second; non-experimental research in the form of descriptive, historical and ex-post facto research, historical and so on.
In conducting quantitative research, statistical data is needed through scientific calculations generated or obtained from the population, samples and testing of data normalization. Population is an area consisting of objects or subjects that have certain qualities and characteristics.
The population is determined by the researcher to be studied and used as a sample. The population is not only humans, but can be objects or other natural objects.
The sample is part of the number and characteristics contained in the population. Therefore, in taking the sample, it must be truly representative (representing the discussion in the study).
The population can be in large numbers and make it impossible to study everything, for example due to limited funds, time, manpower. So researchers can use samples by using techniques for collection.
Sampling technique can be divided into two:
1. Probability Sampling
Probability sampling is a technique by giving equal opportunities for each element or member. Probability sampling is divided into several techniques, namely:
- Simple Random Sampling
- Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling
- Disproportionate Stratified Random
- Sampling Area (cluster)
Sampling with probability sampling technique is to provide equal opportunities. This technique is often called random sampling or sampling in a random way, for example by lottery, computer or random numbers.
2. Nonprobability Sampling
Nonprobability sampling Is a technique that does not provide equal opportunities or opportunities for each member element to be selected as a sample.
Nonprobability Sampling includes:
- Systematic
- Sampling Quota
- Sampling Incidental
- Sampling Purposive
- Sampling Saturated
- Sampling Snowball Sampling
Hopefully, this information useful to you.